Vapor recovery units, also known as VRUs, are systems used in various petroleum industries to capture hydrocarbon vapors that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere during transport and storage of crude oil, refined petroleum products, and natural gas liquids. By recovering these vapors, VRUs help optimize resource utilization while reducing air pollutant emissions.

How Vapor Recovery Works
Vapor Recovery Units typically utilize vapor-liquid separation processes and vacuum assistance to efficiently capture hydrocarbon gases from storage tanks and transport vessels. During loading and unloading operations, rising vapors are gathered by hoses or pipes connected to the Vapor Recovery Units system. Compressors or ejectors then apply a vacuum to pull the vapors towards the unit. Inside the VRU, hydrocarbon gases are separated from any entrained liquid and compressed for further processing or reuse. Recovered vapors can be recycled for fuel blending or used to power facilities. The now-vapor-free air is treated as needed before being safely released into the atmosphere.

Applications in Oil & Gas Operations
Major applications of VRU technology include recovery of vapors during crude oil delivery to refineries and product loading at terminals. Crude oil and refined products alike release hydrocarbon gases during storage and transport activities due to their volatile nature. Without vapor control, these emissions would contribute to local air pollution as well as lost product recovery potential. VRUs make the loading-unloading process much more environmentally friendly and cost-effective. They also see increasing use at natural gas processing plants and LNG terminals to capture methane and natural gas liquid vapors.

Reliability and Maintenance Considerations
For maximum vapor recovery efficiency and regulatory compliance, Vapor Recovery Units systems require careful design, installation, operation, and maintenance. Components like compressors, separators, and pumps must be adequately sized and configured for the specific application. Regular inspection and scheduled part replacements ensure continued proper functionality over the lifespan of the unit. Downtime for VRU maintenance is carefully planned to avoid venting during critical loading-unloading activities. Technicians also monitor system performance to promptly address issues like leaks, deterioration, or ineffective vapor-liquid separation. With proper care, VRUs deliver clean, stable vapor recovery for many years of service.

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